Contract Law - Doctrine of Consideration and Promissory Estoppel Essay

Contract Law - Doctrine of Consideration and Promissory Estoppel - Essay Example as stipulated by this doctrine, any party relying to his or her detriment on another partys promise may make that promise enforceable to such extent as her/his reliance. However, any action under the promissory estoppel doctrine is highly likely to be executed under equity in absence of a jury. It may also fail if the plaintiff cannot demonstrate the element that there will be a result of injustice if the oral promise by the promisor is not enforced. A plaintiff of promissory estoppels doctrine has also to overcome a great deal of hostility by the judiciary to such doctrine. Even if the plaintiff is successful under this, it may not be possible to make a recovery of the whole benefit in which he/she was bargaining.1 (Luepke, 2002) In the period from year 1809 to 1991, common law has made a clear provision that any promise by a party to make a performance of any act, which that party has prior legal obligation to perform, such is not a good consideration. In the same line, any promise received as part of exchange is unenforceable. Such is the case even if the promise would impact by creating a new contract altogether or even modifying the existing contracts terms. The court of appeal of England has the power to make changes to the law as it has been settled. In the case of William versus Roffey where the facts were that the promisee made to the promisor an understanding that as the promisee he would extend his performance of his undertaking as per the previous contract. It was held by the court that the accruing practical benefit to this cases promisor from the previous promises repetition would be enough consideration to make such a promise to raise the prior payment an enforceable fact in law. The promise made afterwards outside the process of bargaining was neither offered nor solicited.2 (Twyford, 2002) When the two doctrines interact a controversial situation arises.

Essay Evaluation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluation - Essay Example The ideas are also portrayed with a lot of clarity and with the right diction. The details are presented in a way that all persons can comprehend. However, the work can be questioned on its originality. A lot of direct quotes have been indicated in the work and with no in-text citations. Actually, the author quotes different articles in a different sites leaving the reader to question which article in that site. At the end of the work, one cannot tell the author of the articles that were used in the essay. One can get mixed up when reading when the author uses examples that are not comprehensive like when he says that Ryan was killed (Tapia 4). I would be better if the author gave more details on the events that ensued before the victim was killed. The conclusion would also have been made more inclusive and stronger. A lot also needs to be done on the Work Cited page in terms of paragraphing, indenting and including the authors’

Field Site Task Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Field Site Task - Assignment Example How these values are interpreted into communal action in adding requirements to be measured. My first job as an ethnographer is to create a personal choice about my ethnography, whose preliminary point is anywhere I will carry it out. I create off this task clueless as to what meadow I will decide and set off to Dublin as it has the uppermost attentiveness of likely alternatives. However following a few uneventful hours on foot around a number of of Dublin's public organizations my notebook leftovers unfurnished by comments of some class. The gear of the trade; populace are all over the place but I find it hard to explanation for their disorder. Finally besieged by the sheer abundance of idiosyncrasies I have by now spectator I go to the library to charge the few notes I contain collected thus distant. Once in the records I realized that this is what I contain been absent out on so distant. For my primary time in the field I obtain the idea that I will be clever to do this, which I contain something I can employment with. Initially the library is a communal and educational organization. all over the place communal and cultural organizations bind populace into livelihood societies. Even in technically higher countries such as Ireland populace are motionless associate of comparatively small group of peoples such as the records as well as organism concerned in the vast communal and cultural setting of the modern globe and it is this potential correlation flanked by the Irish "group of people" and the library group of people which I will try to sketch out in the concluding discursive division of this dissertation. "Good understandings" according to Agar "take us into the spirit of that of which it is the understanding". As such let me primary describe my location before scrutinize it. The subsequent are my comments collate and shortened from four appointments. According to the expert analysis the aptly named Middle Library is Dublin's most middle library. It is situated in the Ileac shopping centre on Henry Street in Dublin1, an "reasonably priced" fraction of municipality situated immediately off the Liffey. Since of its centrality it is only a action saunter from all buses intended for the metropolis centre and together Tara avenue and Connolly teach stations. It can be admissions from an assortment of routes, from the docksides, from Moore Street but to person's name two. I move toward it from the docksides, toward the inside the shopping centre through its front entrance. Knowing that the library is within the complex's area but not knowing where exactly, I go about locating it. It is a busy day bristling with heat and security is on high attentive especially in the clothing provisions. I find it hard to consider that a record would be situated in such a noisome put and walk approximately what I consideration to be pointlessly. However further than the clothes stores by earnings of their nipple adorned mannequins and approved all the lampshade haircuts and adidas tracksuits I create out a stairway, at the top of which I decipher the

The Basic Islamic Message of One God Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Basic Islamic Message of One God - Assignment Example Muslims regard the prophets who preceded Muhammad as Allah’s messengers. However, Muslims believe that all the prophets who preceded Muhammad are lower than Muhammad himself, for Muhammad brought a fuller and clearer message of Allah. Nevertheless, faith in Allah’s prophets is important as it is in the pillars and articles of Islam. Muslims are categorical that Allah sent his prophets to every nation and that these prophets appeared and preached all over the world. Because of this, it is an effort in futility, trying to make a full list of the names of all the prophets. Muslims have to believe in all the prophets nevertheless without distinction and discrimination, just as it is written in Quran 2:136, 285 and 384 that Allah makes no distinction among the prophets. According to Muslims, the prophets who preceded Islam helped strengthen the basic Islamic message of the oneness of Allah by preaching and teaching this message. Specifically, all the prophets spoke of Allah as an all-knowing and all-powerful being who alone was worthy of devotion and worship. The prophets made it clear that the belief in, devotion and worship of Allah is what characterized true religion. The prophets also taught of the consequences that would follow anyone who does not believe in the oneness of Allah. Indeed, the Queen teaches that Islam faithfully proceeded from prophets such as Noah Moses and Isa (Quran 42:13). In this light, it is held that scriptures given by the pre-Muhammadan prophets are genuine and sacred, as can be seen in Quran 29:46.  

High-level and Low-level Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High-level and Low-level Languages - Essay Example The programming languages that are very similar to machine code (such as 0s and 1s) are acknowledged as low-level programming languages. Basically, in these languages the program instructions are written in binary form. In addition, low-level programming languages offer the programmer a high level control over hardware however they require a deep knowledge of the internal structure of the hardware to be used. These programming languages are not normally used by the programmers because it is very difficult to learn and understand them. High-level Languages The programming languages that are very similar to the human languages (e.g. like English language) are acknowledged as the high-level languages. The examples of high-level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C++ etc. These languages are similar to the English language. In other words, it is relatively easy to understand the code written in high level programming languages. In these languages, program instructions are written using English words, for instance print, input, square etc. However, each high-level programming language has its own rules or grammar for writing program instructions. These rules are called syntax of the language. In addition, the program written in high-level language must be translated to machine code before they are executed on the computer. For this purpose, each high-level language has its own translator program, which converts the code of that source language into the computer understandable form. Advantages of High-Level Languages There are many advantages of high-level programming languages. Some of the most important advantages are outlined below: (ninja craze, 2012; Lee, 2000) Easy to Learn In view of the fact that the high level programming languages are similar to human languages thus they are very easy to learn as compared to low-level languages. The instructions written for the program are similar to English like statements. Easy to understand The program written in high-level language by one programmer can easily be understood by another programmer or person because the program instructions are similar to the English language statements. In this way, if a software application has been developed using a high level programming language can be modified by another programmer later on. Easy to write programs In a high-level languag

Services marketing environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Services marketing environment - Essay Example Moreover he will give some recommendations from the results and the analysis, which will help the hotels to be improved. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary as well as an interpretation from research findings of the secondary data, by books, journal articles, reports, electronic databases and websites in order to drown the literature. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the roles and purpose of the HR in organizations in general will be included, how HR assists in the organization and how HR helps the organization strategy. Moreover, the research is concentrated on the HRM in companies. Finally, some information about the HRM in hotels will be given. This chapter is very helpful in increasing the knowledge relative to the studying area since the results and the findings of the primary data will be related with the literature review. Therefore, the knowledge from literature review is going to provide a more professional research that will focus on the purpose of this research. Also, the purpose of this is to offer an overview of significant information published on the topic in order to narrow down the research questions to a specific, suitable form. 'The study of consumer behaviour is at this time seen as a 'behavioural or social science.' There are many that would challenge that this is a misnomer although it is not strictly a 'science', in it purest form when compared with the 'Natural' and 'Mathematical sciences'. Watson states, "Behavioural Science is a purely objective experimental branch of Natural Science." To understand the real reasons people purchase one brand over the other, it is necessary to understand their underlying needs and concerns. In the past the theory of consumer behaviour has come from psychology; however, with further study sociology, anthropology and economics also contribute. Social Influences/Class: 'Social class membership serves consumers as a border of reference for the growth of attitude and behaviour.' The hierarchical aspect of social class is significant to marketers. Consumers purchase products based on, either their own or a senior class, or their wanting to have an improved role and status in life (Andreassen, Paul B. 2002, 371-389). Interest have to be paid to social class, as it is a natural form of segmentation, which determines buyer behaviour. Due to this, Geodemographic clusters were developed to locate concentrates of consumers with particular characteristics. Many companies design products or services for specific social classes. Consumers from the lower classes may only dream of owning a BMW or Jewellery from Harry Winston, therefore marketers would not target them (Arkes, Hal R., 2003,

Analyse the critical HR actions multinational corporations should take Essay - 1

Analyse the critical HR actions multinational corporations should take to facilitate expatriate adjustment - Essay Example 47) Black and Gregerson (1991) have described expatriate adjustment to foreign assignments as â€Å"the degree of psychological comfort with various aspects of a host country,† (p. 463). This has led to many of the domestic employees being exported into exotic locations and countries with diverse cultures and economic systems. Similarly, local companies lacking appropriate expertise and human resources are increasingly seeking expatriates to operate their expansive production units as well as provide training to the domestic workforce. Experienced labourers in saturated markets also seek employment abroad as they lack employment opportunities within their domestic locations or crave for better remuneration that accompanies foreign assignments (Swarts and Plessis, 2007). Foreign assignments and postings generally prompt exuberant excitement from those employees chosen to undertake such tasks as the prospect of career advancement, finance increments and other benefits beckon. However, these feelings of career windfall quickly wane once they get to the actual locations. The probable causes of the trauma are ‘cultural shock, language barriers, and severance from the relatives’ will ultimately impinge on the work, efficiency and expenses to the organisation. The expatriates’ agitation means that they either adjust to the locality conditions or abscond from the assignment and return to their home countries (Koteswari and Bhattacharya, 2007). The dysfunctional cost of stress in overseas postings may lead to detrimental consequences like, skiving, drunkenness and drug addiction, high turnovers, untimely exit, internal and external antagonism, nonattendance, among others. A study by the University of Pretoria (2008) on expatriate turnovers in foreign postings, principally on their attitude to the jobs revealed that ‘organisational commitment and job